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【經濟學─計算題】...贈20點

Jul 5th 2013, 09:14

題目一、假設香菸的需求函數是Q=50-5P，Q 和P分別代表香菸數量和價格，
目前香菸的價格是2。
假設政府擬限制香菸的生產，一旦香菸的供給減少，價格相上漲至4
，則香菸消費者願意付出多少代價，阻止政府實施管制？
答案一：70元
當P=4，Qd=50-5*4=30，當P=，Qd=50-5*2=40
香菸消費者願意付出多少代價為(0,2)，(0,4)，(30,4)，(40,2)所圍成的面積
消費者願意付出多少代價=(30+40)*(4-2)/2=70，為政府實施管制所多支付的代價

題目二、假設鳳梨市場的需求涵數是Qd=200-P，供給函數Qs=50+0.5P，現
政府設150元為鳳梨市場目標價格，並承諾購買所有在該價格下的超額供給，
則就目前市場供需，政府要花多少元購買鳳梨？
答案二、11250元
當P=150，Qd=200-150=50，Qs=50+0.5*150=125，超額供給=125-50=75
政府要花多少元購買鳳梨=150*75=11,250

參考資料小小淺見

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